The Panasonic HDC-SD1 is a perfect example of the blessings of solid state memory. Because video is recorded directly to Secure Digital or SDHC cards, bulky tape mechanisms and HDDs are nowhere to be found. This let Panasonic engineers create one of the slickest-looking camcorders ever. While it won’t have the cachet of the iPod or iPhone, it’s very sleek and stylish – a true small wonder. The -SD1 measures 2.9 inches wide, 2.71 high and 5.6 inches deep; it weighs 17.4 ounces with battery, SD card and strap.

The horizontal-style camcorder has a minimalist design with very few buttons. The plastic body has a silver tone while the LCD monitor door has a pearl-like luster. The front is dominated by the 12x Leica Dicomar zoom with a built-in lens cap. You can add filters and accessory lenses that fit the 43mm diameter twist-off ring. Other than a built-in flash and a recording lamp and remote sensor located under the lens, our tour of the front is complete. The right side has the adjustable Velcro strap, speaker as well as a compartment for USB and HDMI outputs. You’ll also find a small outlet for the cooling fan. The left side is dominated by the 3-inch foldout widescreen LCD monitor so you can easily frame your 16:9 videos. The LCD is rated 250K pixels, a solid number. Once the screen is open, you’ll find keys on the body that switch focus (auto, manual) and brighten the LCD screen. You’ll also find the SD card slot and another compartment for the A/V and component outputs as well as the mic and DC ins.

At its best quality setting, the $1500 HDC-SD1 records 40 minutes of 1080i video to an included 4GB SD Card (a similar model, the HDC-DX1, records to miniDVD and costs $100 less). Both use the AVCHD format developed by Panasonic and Sony. When we tested the HDC-SD1, no video editing software supported the format, but Sony says it will offer a free update this spring to allow its Vegas video editor to import such files. You’ll also need a very powerful computer to edit the video once the apps to do so are available, as well as an HD-DVD or Blu-ray drive if you want to export it from your computer in HD. Forget about using the software included with the camcorder; though you can use it to export standard-definition video to a DVD, it’s nearly useless beyond that. You can’t even use it to watch your footage full-screen on your computer.

Since the camcorder has component outputs and an HDMI port, however, you can play back the unedited footage in high-definition on an HDTV. Video I captured in well-lit settings looked gorgeous, and even video taken in relatively dim, indoor rooms looked surprisingly good–and much better than footage from the standard-definition camcorders I’ve seen. The HDC-SD1’s microphone captures 5.1-channel audio, too; I wasn’t able to test it with a surround-sound system, but it sounded quite good through TV speakers.

The Sony HDR-HC5, a high definition camcorder using the tape-based HDV format, is a key model in the company’s lineup. While the HDR-HC7 ($1,299 MSRP) is the flagship HD camcorder, the HC5 is priced at $999, just below that magical $1,000 point at which consumers can still credibly consider the purchase. A casual glance through the big-box store Sunday circulars points to the fact that camcorders priced over $1,000 rarely get play. Even compared to the HC7, the HC5 is one of the best HD camcorders on the market. While it lacks the bells and whistles that make other Sony HD models more alluring, the performance is outstanding.

The incorporation of x.v.Color technology is also new to the HD Handycam camcorder line. Based on the new international xvYCC color standard, Sony x.v.Color supports a much wider data range of colors compared to the conventional sRGB standard. According to the National Physical Laboratory in the U.K., this wider range is closer to colors that the human eye can recognize. “x.v.Color-compatible camcorders and displays will have a huge impact on home moviemaking,” said Linda Vuolo, director of camcorder products at Sony Electronics. “They will bring exquisite color reproduction to your home movies like you’ve never seen before.”

Although the handycam supports up to 80x optical zoom, digital zoom is limited to 10x, which may be a little short for some viewers. This is fairly standard with MiniDV cameras. Video quality dropped noticeably at high zoom levels, which is of course to be expected, however the high resolution of the camera made this less critical, and footage shot in full, 80x zoom was still watchable. Unfortunately the shake at this level of zoom makes getting a steady picture difficult without a tripod. Audio quality was good, and the camera’s inbuilt microphone was powerful enough to pick up sound at over ten metres quite easily.

The HC5E is a little more bulky than several other models, due to its MiniDV format, but nevertheless rests comfortably in the hand, and at approximately 1kg with tape and battery, it isn’t too heavy. Button layout is standard and the on-screen menu is very well laid out, with customisation options allowing users to set up their own “quick menu”. The touch screen works well, with big buttons and words; we didn’t find ourselves having to squint too much to see what we were selecting.

The Canon HF100 ($899 MSRP) comes from a good pedigree. It’s nearly identical to the Canon HF10, which received our seal of approval earlier this year. The HF100 offers all the same image quality, manual controls, and form factor, but loses the 16GB internal memory of the HF10. Sure, you save $200, but think about what you’re losing first. The HF10 only records to removable memory cards, like the Panasonic HDC-SD9 or Sony HDR-TG1. Card memory is portable and easy to use, but those cards fill up quickly, and they’re not particularly cheap. It’s better to have a secondary recording medium if you’re on a long vacation or far from a camera shop.

It records AVCHD video at a maximum of 17 megabits per second (2 hours and 5 minutes of video), and can hold up to 6 hours and 5 minutes of video at the lowest bit rate of 5Mbps. That higher bit rate goes to support the full 1,920×1,080 capture, the norm for most of this year’s new models, compared with 1,440×1,080 for older AVCHD camcorders that required only a 12Mbps maximum bit rate. You can record best-quality movies to the card as long as it’s a Class 4 SDHC or better (Class 6 is currently fastest): the Class 4 16GB Kingston card I tested with worked fine.

Its optically stabilized f1.8-3.0 12X zoom lens has a longer reach than the typical 10x lens available in this class, but the rest of its features are pretty common in Canon’s prosumer models. For video, these include aperture- and shutter-priority exposure modes, three fixed/one variable zoom speed options, a video light, Instant AF, and a wind-screen filter. You can also record in progressive 30 or 24 frames-per-second (fps) modes as well as 60i. For still photos, metering, flash, and burst and exposure bracketing options become available as well. The camcorder also supplies a complete set of ports and connectors: component or mini-HDMI out for direct-to-TV playback, mini headphone and mic jacks, and USB for downloading to computer.

The HF100’s built-in stereo microphone is stationed strategically beneath the lens. If Canon mounted the mic atop the HF100, the right hand would envelop the mic and sabotage your recorded audio. Camcorders this compact require certain design and handling sacrifices, which Canon minimizes. The Panasonic HDC-SD9 is more compact than the HF100, yet its mic is mounted on top–an example of how a camcorder should not be designed.

In the continuum that runs from low-resolution, cheapo camcorders like the Creative Vado to high-quality, solid-state “prosumer” HD models like Canon’s own Vixia HF10, Canon’s line of SD-based camcorders–FS11, FS10, and FS100–falls exactly where you’d expect. At budget prices under $600, they’re small, stylish, and provide a reasonably expansive feature set; unfortunately, the real “budget” aspect of these models is the video quality.

The individual models in the FS series differ only by memory and color, with list prices that increment by $100 (but with lower actual street price gaps). The top-end model, the FS11, comes in dark gray and includes 16GB built-in memory; its lesser sibling, the FS10, wears silver and includes 8GB. The cheapest child, the FS100, has no built-in memory but comes in silver, blue, and red. Capacities run about 13.8 minutes per gigabyte of storage for best-quality mode, 39 min/GB for lowest quality; we don’t recommend shooting below best-quality, however.

Unfortunately, in a market that’s crowded with camcorders vying for their piece of the standard definition pie, the Canon FS100 just doesn’t stand out. It has better video performance than cheap YouTube camcorders like the Pure Digital Flip Mino, but it also isn’t as small or as easy to use. It may have superior handling and good manual controls, but we like a camcorder that performs well. Similar models from JVC and Panasonic perform better. Then again, when you’re dealing with standard def video, personal preference may be more important than performance. And in that case, the Canon FS100 is certainly worth considering.

The back of the FS100 has just a single, prominent feature: the impressively large mode dial. In the slimming trend of today’s camcorders, the mode dial or mode switch is usually tucked away to make room for other features. On the FS100 (as well as the FS10 and FS11), the mode dial is enormous, but also highly responsive. Just push in the button on the right and rotate to select your mode: Photo, Video, Video Playback, or Photo Playback. In the center of the dial is the glistening Record button. Everything is well within thumb’s reach.

What is the FS100 missing in order to accommodate such a dial? Most camcorder use the back as a repository for the battery, which can then be replaced by a larger battery (it lasts longer, but protrudes more from the back). Canon’s FS series houses the battery in the bottom of each camcorder, which means an enclosed chamber and no battery upgrading.

Canon’s HF10 captured all the headlines when it was launched last month. But, Canon has brought out other Flash memory-based camcorders as part of its ‘freecording’ strategy and at the top of the new standard definition range is the FS11. It’s tiny, light, and reassuringly portable, weighing around 300g with battery. But the Panasonic SDR-S7EB-K is even smaller, and quite a bit cheaper. Does Canon’s FS11 have the extra features to warrant its higher price?

Unlike the HF10, the FS11 is based around a traditional CCD rather than a CMOS. However, it’s a small 1/6in model with 1.07Mpixels. This provides 1,152 x 864 stills, and as this camcorder shoots standard definition at 720 x 576, video requires less than the full resolution. An electronic image stabilisation system is used, which isn’t as effective as the higher-end optical versions. Canon also quotes an incredible 45x ‘advanced zoom’, which isn’t quite the same as a digital zoom. The lens itself is only capable of 37x.

Weighing only 10.7 ounces and fitting comfortably into the palm of a hand–one my size, at least–the FS is, for the most part, quite well designed. As is becoming typical for SD-based models, you choose among video and still, record, and playback modes plus toggling recording on and off via a big thumbwheel at the back of the camcorder. You operate the zoom switch, photo shutter, and on/off switch with your forefinger. The battery and SD card slot lie under a sliding panel on the bottom of the unit. Some of the nicer touches include a built-in electronic lens cover–at this price, they’re usually manual–and an LED video light.

Behind the LCD, there’s an Easy button for a completely automatic mode and a button to display battery info, which displays the estimated time remaining. There’s also a standard mini-USB port, 3.5mm microphone jack, and an AV out connector for hooking up to a TV via the bundled composite cable. As is becoming typical for Canon, you use a joystick on the LCD to bring up a few quick-access controls, including triggering the video light, exposure compensation, shutter speed, and manual focus. It doesn’t magnify the focus area while in manual focus, but despite the smallish 2.7-inch LCD, it’s pretty usable.

Here’s where all the action lies–once you flip open the FS11’s 2.7-inch LCD screen. The LCD cavity is littered with goodies: Easy button, Display/ Battery Info button, Mic jack, AV-out jack, and the USB terminal. That’s right! Canon’s got Easy mode too. A Mic jack is a nice touch, too, but the camcorder has no accessory shoe, not even a cold shoe. If you want to attach another mic, you’ll either need a permanently free hand or have to invest in some duct tape (Pro Tip: don’t duct tape your mic to your computer.

With the FS series, Canon debuts its Advanced Zoom technology, which transforms the camera’s 37x optical zoom into 48x. It does so by moving lens elements to change the area of the sensor focused on by the lens. As a result, the effective video resolution changes while you zoom. For example, with AZ turned off, 16:9 video sensor resolution is about 550,000 pixels. With it on, at minimum zoom, it’s approximately 710,000 pixels (full effective sensor resolution), and at 48x, it’s 410,000 pixels. So while it’s technically not digital zoom, it’s still not maintaining the resolution across the entire zoom range (though it’s in fact better than status quo at the wide angle). And for that reason, though I know Canon will probably beg to differ, I’m going to refer to it as a hybrid zoom.